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3maintenancecoststhroughproductimprovementsbutalsoisenvironmentallybenecialastheuseofCCPscontributestotheconservationofnaturalresourceswhichwouldotherwisebeused.3.3MANUFACTUREDAGGLOMERATEDAGGREGATESCCPscanalsobeusedasmanufacturedaggregatesorincombinationwithnaturalaggregates.GenerallycoarserCCPsspecicallyfurnacebottomashareusedforthispurpose.Duetotheparticlesizeoffurnacebottomashitcanbeusedasareplacementforaggregateandisusuallysufcientlywell-gradedinsizetoavoidtheneedforblendingwithotherneaggregatestomeetgradingrequirements.Furnacebottomashparticleshaveaporoussurfacestructureandarelessdensethanconventionalnaturalaggregate.ItisgenerallybenecialtouseFBAinbasecourseandshouldermaterialblendsorincoldmixapplicationsforpavementconstruction.Furnacebottomashisalsopotentiallybenecialasalightweightconcreteaggregate.3.4FILLERSANDGROUTSINCLUDINGSTRUCTURALFILLCoalcombustionproductsareusedasllerswithinslurriedmaterialmixesandingrouts.TheseapplicationshavetraditionallyhadspeciedgradedneyashasreferencedinAS3582.1.HoweverinmanyllerandgroutapplicationsitisnotnecessarytousespeciallyselectedmaterialconformingtoAS3582.1asungradedyashdescribedearlierwouldbedirectlyapplicableandcouldpotentiallytsuchapplicationsmorecloselywithhavingthepresenceofcoarserparticlefractions.Theincorporationofyashimprovestheuidityofowablellandgrouts.Specicallytheshapeandparticlesizedistributionofyashmakesitagoodmineralllerforexampleinasphalticconcreteapplications.ThemostcommonapplicationsforCCPbasedllersarefoundinbuildingandroadconstruction.Theseinclude-FlyashComponentofowablellFillmaterialforstructuralapplicationsandembankments5MineralllerinasphaltFurnacebottomashFillmaterialforstructuralapplicationsandembankments5ConcreteaggregateAggregateformasonryunitmanufactureImprovementofsubgradeconditionswheresettlementisofconcerninembankmentconstruction4.CONCLUSIONWhilstyashisextensivelyusedincementandconcreterelatedapplicationsthisreferencedatasheetexploresmanyotherpotentialapplicationsforyashuseinroadconstructionstructuralandnon-structuralllsandasllersandingroutapplications.Furnacebottomashalsohasarangeofusesinneandcoarseaggregateapplicationswherenaturalaggregatesareused.ByutilizingCCPsinsuchapplicationstherearedualbenetsofbeingabletoprovideconstructionmaterialshavingimprovedqualityaswellashavingapositiveinuenceonsustainabilitythroughreducedCO2emissionsreduceddepletionofnaturalresourcesandreducedrequirementsfordisposalandstorageofmaterialatpowerstations.Flyashandfurnacebottomashareavailableasgradedorungradedmaterials.Materialsourcesacrossthepowerstationinclude-ClassiersPrecipitatorsAshhoppersInterimstoragebinsAshrepositorydamTheAssociationrecommendstestingbeconductedoneachmaterialsourcetoensurethatitspropertiesandcharacteristicsareclearlyknown.