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2GradedyashasdiscussedpreviouslyisextensivelyusedinthemanufactureofblendedcementsandasanSCMinconcrete12.AustralianStandardAS3582.1setsoutthespecicationrequirementsfornemediumandcoarsegradeasshowninTable1below.InadditiontothepropertieslistedinTable1thereareanumberofothercharacteristicsrelevanttoSCMperformanceincludingAvailablealkalicontentRelativedensityRelativewaterrequirementRelativestrength2.3FURNACEBOTTOMASHFurnacebottomashFBAiscomposedofagglomeratedashparticlescollectedatthebaseofthefurnaceorcombustionchamberofthepowerstationboiler.Furnacebottomashcanbecollectedwetordrydependingonthepowerstationcongurationandtransferredtodedicatedstoragelocations.Thismaterialisoftengreytoblackincolouralthoughsomematerialscanbewhitewithangularshapedparticlesandaporoussurfacestructure.Thegrainsizeoffurnacebottomashrangesfromnesandtonegravelgreaterthan5mmsize.TypicallytheparticlesizeforFBAistypically0.1mmto30mmalthoughmostcommonlylessthan20mminsize456.Furnacebottomashcanbecollectedandprocessedfromtheashrepository.Themethodofcollectionwilldependontheactualbenecialuse.Followingcollectiontherequiredcharacteristicsapplicabletotheproposednalbenecialusemayneedtobereconrmed.3.APPLICATIONOFCCPS3.1GENERALAspreviouslyindicatedyashismostcommonlyusedinSCMapplicationswhilefurnacebottomashismainlyusedinconstructionapplicationsasneandcourseaggregate.Duetothepropertiesandcharacteristicsofthesematerialsvariousotherapplicationsinothereldshavebeenreported7891011.Someoftheseinclude-OilwellcementforapplicationinthedrillingofoilwellswherehightemperaturesprevailDecorativeglassCeramicbresTilesSyntheticmarbleReectivematerialContinuouscastingmouldpowderDomesticcleaningpowderSyntheticwoodAluminamagnetiteironcarbonandcenospheresinmineralextractionGlassceramicsFoaminsulationproductsAnti-corrosioncoatingsSyntheticzeolitesAgricultureandsoilamendmentPotassiumsilicatefertilizerManufacturedaggregatesWhilstthelistofpotentialapplicationsforCCPsareextensivethefocusofthisdatasheetrelatesspecicallytoconstructionmaterialsasthisareaisconsideredtohavethegreatestbulkusagepotentialforsuchmaterials.CurrentlyinAustraliaotherthanascementitiousbindersinconcreteCCPshavehadlimiteduseasconstructionmaterialsin-StructuralllsaggregatesandminerehabilitationMineralllersWastestabilizationandsolidicationRoadandpavementmaterialsInthefollowingsectionsdetailedinformationrelatingtothefollowingapplicationsisdescribedastheseareaspresentthemostpotentialforsignicantbenecialuse-RoadandpavementconstructionManufacturedaggregatesFillerandgroutapplicationsandStructurallls3.2ROADANDPAVEMENTCONSTRUCTIONCCPsareusedworldwideinpavementandroadconstruction.FortheseapplicationstheADAAcanprovideinformationrelatingtopavementconstruction4androadstabilisation1213.Duetotheconsistentparticlesizerelativetootherpavementmaterialcomponentstheseproductscanbeusedinmostpavementlayers413withsomeroadsandpavementconstructionapplicationsforeachsummarisedbelow-FlyashIngredientinsoilmodicationandorstabilisationComponentinroadbasessubbasesandpavementIngredientinwastestabilisationandorsolidicationFurnacebottomashWheresettlementofthesubgradeisofconcerninembankmentsonsoftorpoorgroundconditionsAggregateinroadbasessubbasesandpavementTherearealargenumberofindustrialpavementapplicationsrequiringsubbaseandsubgradelayersusedtosupporttrafcloadswithindistributionandwarehousetypefacilities.CCPscanenhancesuchpavementlayersbymodifyingthestructureofsuchlayerblendsandalsointhecaseofyashitspozzolanicnaturecanbeusedtoincreasebearingcapacity.ImportantlyyashdoesnotnecessarilyneedtoconformtotherequirementsofAS3582.1tobeeffectiveinsuchapplications.Inthelastfewdecadesduetoincreasingtrafcloadsroadshaverequiredincreasinglevelsofrehabilitationandmaintenanceandthusincreasedcost.UsingCCPsnotonlyhelpstoreduceGradeFinenesspassing45msieveLossonignitionMaxMoisturecontentMaxSO3contentMaxFine754.01.03.0Medium655.01.03.0Coarse556.01.03.0Ref.TestMethodAS3583.13583.33583.23583.8Table1FlyAshasdenedinAS3582.1