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13CCPs-avaluableresourcewww.adaa.asn.auEditorialCoalAshMattersispublishedbyADAATheAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaPh0242281389Fax0242281777Emailinfoadaa.asn.auWebsitewww.adaa.asn.auISSUEDECEMBER2013DECEMBERTHISISSUE-DECEMBER131Editorial2Wagners2013BPNSustainabilityAwardsSUCCESSNSWEPAExemptionAmendmentsGazetted3WherearetheynowGregJohnsonCoalCombustionHandbookReviewUpdate4FlyAshReferenceDataSheetNo.38ProgressfortheCRCforLowCarbonLiving9UpdateADAATechnicalDocuments10BusinessOverviewAlexandersMulchandSoilSuppliesConferenceReportAustralianSocietyofConcretePavements11ConferenceReportWorldofCoalAshWOCAConferenceReportCoalAshAsia201312ConferenceReportConcrete2013ComingUpConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMIC2014AsanotheryearendapproacheswereectonthesuccessoftheAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAanditsmembers.FocusingonregulatoryengagementacrosstheStatesofNSWandQLDtheAssociationhassecuredincreasedregulatoryandlegalcertaintyforthesustainedandfutureuseofcoalcombustionproducts.SincetheAssociationsearlybeginningsknowledgedevelopmentandtechnologytransferhavebeenacoretenet.ThiseditionreportsonresearchanddevelopmentactivitiesoftheAssociationsinvolvementwiththeCRCforLowCarbonLivingcoupledwiththevarioustechnicalpublicationstofurtherourunderstandingofcoalcombustionproductsCCPs.ThiseditionexploresthegrowthofCCPswithintheconstructionmaterialsindustrybyprolingselectedresearchers.GregJohnsonprovidesuswithaninsightintohiscareerincludinggeopolymercofns.ContinuingthisalternativeuseforcoalcombustionproductsthemethiseditionalsofocusesonAlexandersMulchandSoilSuppliesanditsuseofcoalcombustionproductsintheirsoilandlandscapingsuppliestowholesalemarkets.ThecompanyiscurrentlyusingcoalcombustionproductsastheybeneciallyincreasesoilvolumepHandwaterltrationproperties.ThisisjustanotherexampleofthebenecialutilisationofCCPs.TheReviewoftheCoalCombustionProductsHandbookiscomingtoaclosewithanexpectedcompletiondateofDecember2013.Afternearly2yearsofhardworkanddedicationfrombothmemberandnon-memberauthorsthispublicationrepresentsthefoundationoftheAssociationinDoingTogetherWhatWecouldnotDoAloneaphrasecoinedbythethenCEOFrankvanSchagenwhichisalegacydocumentfromthenowconcludedCRCforCoalinSustainableDevelopment.IndustryeducationeventshavedominatedtherecentmonthsoftheAssociationsactivities.InthiseditionweprovideareportonconferencessuchasConcrete2013theAustralianSocietyofConcretePavementsConferenceandCoalAshAsia.Theseeventsofferednetworkingopportunitiesonanationalandinternationalscaletoincreaseawarenessandpotentialopportunitiesfortheuseofcoalcombustionproducts.TherearealsofutureeventstolookforwardtowiththeConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMICscheduledfor3-6September2014attheBrisbaneConventionCentre.WewillseektokeepyouupdatedwithkeydatesanddetailedConferenceReportsareavailablelaterinthisaddition.LastlytheAssociationwouldliketowishallmembersasafeandhappyholidayperiod.WelookforwardtoworkingwithyounextyeartofurthertheAssociationsaimstobringbenettomembers.ADAADECEMBER1301COALASHEDITORIALTEAMChieExecutiveOfcerCraigHeidrichEditorOliviaYeatmanDesign101DesignPtyLtdContributorsOliviaYeatmanCraigHeidrichCarolWilsonGregJohnsonTomGlasbyRayPersiniCoalAshMattersisabi-annualpublicationCirculation2000 Onthe21stNovember2013WagnerswereawardedtheBestoftheBestAwardatAustraliasBPNSustainabilityAwardsfortheuseoftheirEarthFriendlyConcreteEFCaproprietarygeopolymerconcreteinthemulti-riseGlobalChangeInstitutebuildingGCIattheUniversityofQueensland.GeopolymerconcreteisnotanewtechnologybutonethatisnallyemerginginagrowingnumberofcommercialapplicationssuchasthegroundbreakingGCIstructurewherethe3suspendedoorsareprecastEFCoorbeamsthatspan10.5m.ThecarbonreductionpotentialofthistechnologyimpressedthejudgesoftheBPNAwards.ThiskindofproductoffersanimmediatepathtolowembodiedenergybuildingsandprovideslongtermopportunitiestofeedintothedesignandbuildingprocessofalmostallbuildingsinAustraliaandtheworld.TomGlasbyEarthFriendlyConcreteManageratWagnersoutlinedthatEFCwastheresultofover8yearsdevelopmentbytheWagnerstechnicalteamwhichhasseensignicantadvancesinthepast18months.EFCiscompletelycementfreeandiscomprisedofsandaggregateyashslaguniqueactivatorchemicalsandpurposemadeadmixtures.EFChassimilarplasticstatepropertiesasnormalconcreteandcanbeproducedanddeliveredusingexistingmethods.ApartfromitsenvironmentalcredentialsEFCisahighperformanceconcretewithverylowshrinkageandextremelyhighresistancetosulphateattackandchlorideingress.CongratulationstoAssociationMembersWagnersCementontheiraward-winninginnovativeproduct.ThislookstobeasignofthingstocomeasCCPsarecontinuallyusedtoimprovesustainabilityobjectives.FormoreinformationofWagnersEarthFriendlyConcretepleasevisithttpwww.wagner.com.aucapabilitiesefc02ADAADECEMBER13NSWEPAExemptionAmendmentsGazettedSUCCESSMembershipCOMPANYMEMBERSAprimaryroleoftheADAAistobringtogetherproducersandmarketersofcoalcombustionproductsCCPs.OuractivitiescoverresearchanddevelopmentintoCCPusageadvocacyandtechnicalassistancetoCCPproducersandusersaswellasaforumfortheexchangeandpublicationofCCPinformation.FormoreinformationontheAssociationvisitusatwww.adaa.asn.auRELATEDASSOCIATIONSCSIROwww.smit.csiro.auAssociationofCanadianIndustriesRecyclingCoalAshCIRCAwww.circainfo.caUKQualityAshAssociationwww.ukqaa.org.ukAmericanCoalAshAssociationwww.acaa-usa.orgWorldWideCoalCombustionProductsNetworkWWCCPNwww.wwccpn.orgAdbriMasonryAdbriResourcesAlintaEnergyGroupLtdBulkFlyashGroutsPtyLtdCSEnergyLtdDeltaElectricityEraringEnergyGenesisPowerLimitedGoldenBayCementHolcimPtyLtdHyrockNSWPtyLtdIndependentCementLimePtyLtdInterGenAustraliaMillmerranInternationalPowerKellerMineFillJVLLISIndustrialPtyLtdLoyYangPowerNRGGladstonePowerStationNucrushPtyLtdRioTintoRoadsAndMaritimeServicesStanwellCorporationSunstateCementLtdTRUenergyVecorLtdVerveEnergyWagnersCementWestonMatrixFollowingsome24monthsofbriengsmeetingsandsubmissionsofadditionalresearchmaterialstoWasteResourceStrategyoftheEnvironmentProtectionAuthorityEPANSWresponsibleforadministeringWasteResourceRecoverytheEPAgazettedamendmentstotheGeneralExemptionforcoalcombustionproducts.Thislengthyanddifcultbutnecessaryconsultationprocessasrequiredinordertoobtaintherightoutcomeforourmembers.InsummarytheamendedGeneralExemptionhttpwww.epa.nsw.gov.auresourceswasteex13coalash.pdfincorporatesanumberofspecicchangesproposedbytheADAAwhichwillhavewiderpositivebenetsinincreasingthebenecialutilisationofcoalcombustionproductsinbothNSWandotherjurisdictions.ThemainchangesincludeConditionsforlowpHcoalashusearenowincorporatedintotheexemptionwherelowpHcoalashcanbeblendedequalto20withapprovedmaterialssuchaslimenaturalquarriedrockcoalashcoalwasheryrejectsrecoveredrailwayballastandcrushedconcreteAdenitionforcementitiousapplicationsisnowincorporatedwithsignicantlyreducedtestingandreportingrequirementsforallsupplychainparticipantsAdenitionfornon-cementitiousapplicationshasnowbeenincorporatedtoclarifyapplications.RestrictionsforuseofcoalashinwaterhavenowbeenremovedforcementitiousapplicationsOtherminoramendmentsfortestmethodshavebeenmadewhichreducetestingcostburdenApartfromthesechangesallotherconditionsremainunchangedfromthe2010version.ThisoutcomeisjustanotherexampleofDoingtogetherwhatwecouldnotdoalonethroughtheAssociation.InparticularwewouldliketothankselectedmembersfortheirinvolvementandassistanceGarryCraig-EraringEnergyJustinFlood-DeltaElectricityProfessorColinWard-UNSWDrJaneAiken-LendLeaseandRoyButcherandDrDakshBawejafromEMS.ForfurtherinformationontheExemptionpleasevisithttpwww.epa.nsw.gov.auresourceswasteex13coalash.pdf2013BPNSustainabilityAwards Wellithasbeenquitearidesinceenteringtheconcreteindustry36yearsago.OnethingisforsureithasalwaysbeeninterestingnotonlyfortheresearchanddevelopmentRDprojectsIhavebeeninvolvedinbutalsobecauseofthepeopleIhavemetalongtheway.Myinitiationintoconcretewasin1977whenIwasemployedasananalystattheReadymixCentralResearchLaboratorylocatedatNorthRydeinSydney.PreviouslyIhadworkedasaChemistfor3yearsbutIwantedtousemygeologytrainingandIhopedthatconcretewouldprovidethatopportunity.TheanalysisIperformedactuallyinvolvedmorechemistrythangeologybutIdidmeetsomegreatworkmatesandalsointeractedwithsomeofthemostknowledgeablepeopleintheindustryAlekSamarinandBobMunn.TheanalysisofcementandconcretewasinterestingbutnotchallengingsowithinafewyearsItransferredtothenewlyformedRelcretedivisionofMonierwhereIworkedwithBarryButlerandlaterJohnAshbyastheirResearchChemist.ThisiswhereIdiscoveredmypassionforRDandIstarteddevelopmentonmanyoftheproductsthatRelcretesuppliedbeingconcreteadmixturesyashbagmixgroutsandroadblends.ItwasaroundthistimethatconcretecancerwasahottopicsoIdevelopedarangeofnon-chlorideacceleratingadmixtureswhichweresoldastheAcNseries.Ialsodevelopedanewversionof40Cnon-shrinkgroutandarangeofroadblendswhichwereknownthroughouttheindustryastheRelcreteTripleBlends.SinceRelcretewasamajorsupplierofyashIinvestigatedmeansofimprovingitsperformanceandfoundthatthiscouldbeachievedbygrindingtheashtoasuitablesizerange.Thisledtothemechano-chemicalactivationofyashwhichwasaprojectperformedinassociationwiththeUniversityofWesternAustraliaandinvolvedgrindingtheashinanattritormillalongwithsuitablechemicalactivators.AftermanybatchtrialsattheValesPointFlyAshPlanttheprocesswaspatentedandacommercialplantsetupatBayswatertoproduceaveryreactiveashknownasSolidFlow.In1995ItransferredtotheTechnologySectionofRoclaPipewhereIcontinueddoingdevelopmentworkonconcreteproductsalongsideGeoffWestChrisBusckandTerryGourley.ItwasaroundthistimethatIstartedresearchongeopolymerconcretewhichhadjuststartedtoattractsomeinterestasanalternativebuildingmaterial.Geopolymerconcretehasmanysimilaritiestoconventionalconcretebutitisthedifferencesthatattractmostattention.ItisconsiderablymoreacidresistantthanOPCconcretewhichgivesitanadvantageinacidicenvironmentssuchasacidsulphatesoilsandsewerpipelines.Theproblemisthatthepolymerisationreactionhastobecontrolledandthiswasnallyachievedaftermanylabandplanttrials.AformulationandassociatedprocesswerepatentedformakinggeopolymerpipesbutsurprisinglytherstcommercialproductionofageopolymerproductbyRoclawasburialcrypts.Inthiscasegeopolymerconcretewaschosenforitslowcarbonfootprintduetotheabsenceofcement.Over2000tonnesoftheconcretewasproducedtomake945gravesiteswhichwereinstalledatWoronoraCemeteryinSydney.CurrentlyIamstillworkingatRocladoingresearchongeopolymerconcreteandalsoconcretemixoptimisationbasedonrheologicaldatainputs.CareerSummary1974BScgeologymajorfromtheUniversityofNSW1977-1978AnalystforReadymixConcreteLtd.-CentralResearchLaboratoryatNorthRyde1978-1985ResearchChemistforMonierRelcreteatVillawood1985-1995LaboratoryManagerforRoclaRelcreteatVillawood1995-2013SeniorDevelopmentScientistforRoclaPipeandQuarryProductsatGuildfordGregJohnsonThereviewoftheCoalCombustionProductsHandbookisexpectedtoconcludeinDecember2013.Sincetheproposalforthisprojectauthorsandcontributorshavebeenworkingtowardsthedesignandcompletionofdraftsforeachchapter.Toreiteratetheoriginalaimsoftheupdatethepurposeofthisprojectwastoupdateexistingandnewinformationwithresearchforapplicationinmarketdevelopmentsandthedistillationoftrends.ThisnewresearchalsoincorporateslegislativechangesintheformofexemptionstoincorporatethechangingfaceofCCPapplications.Atthisstagethemajorityofchaptershavebeencompletedandcirculatedformemberreview.FutureprogressrequiresRevisionandconrmationofdatatomeetcurrentstandardsFinalsign-offoncontentProongandpublicationCoalCombustionHandbookReviewUpdateTheADAAwouldliketothanktheauthorscontributorsandmembersfortheirhardworkthroughoutthislong-termproject.Bycontinuallyupdatingourtechnicalinformationwecanensurebothqualityandrelevancetostakeholdersandthegeneralpublicalike.WHEREARETHEYNOWADAADECEMBER1303 1.INTRODUCTIONCoalCombustionProductsCCPsaretheby-productsgeneratedfromthecombustionofpulverisedcoalincoal-redboilersusedforpowergeneration.Theseproductsincludeanercomponentcalledyashandacoarsecomponentcalledfurnacebottomash.Furnacebottomashiscollectedfromthebottomofthecombustionchamberwhilstyashisseparatedfromtheuegasbyeitherelectrostaticprecipitationorfabricltrationpriortothedischargeofthecleanuegasintotheatmosphere.ThereforeCCPsgenerallyfallintotwobroadcategories.InAustraliatheuseofCCPshasincreasedovertime.ThemostcommonbenecialuseofyashisasaSupplementaryCementitiousMaterialSCMinblendedcementandconcretemanufacture12.During2011approximately14milliontonnesofCCPswereproducedinAustraliaofwhichapproximately2milliontonnesofyashwasusedassupplementarycementitiousmaterialsincementbasedandconcreteapplications.Another4milliontonneswasusedinvariouscivilandstructuralapplicationsnotspecicallyaddressedinAustralianStandardsorinStateRoadAuthoritySpecications.ThisreferencedatasheetconsidersthetypesofCCPsthatarecurrentlyproducedatcoalredpowerstationsandthetypesofapplicationswheretheyprovidebenecialuseopportunitiesascomponentsofconstructionmaterials.2.COALCOMBUSTIONPRODUCTSCCPS2.1TYPESANDCLASSIFICATIONAsindicatedCCPsfallintotwobroadgroupsofmaterialsyashandfurnacebottomash.FlyashisdescribedinAustralianStandardAS3582.13asasolidmaterialextractedfromtheuegasesofaboilerredwithpulverizedcoal.WhilsttypicallyusedasanSCMthisdenitionalsoappliestomaterialsnotspecicallycomplyingwiththerequirementsofAS3582.1.Flyashiscomposedofmostlysilicaandaluminiumoxidespeciesbeinganematerialranginginsizebetween1mand300mwitharoundedratherthanangularshape.Itscolourisgenerallylighttomid-greywithanamorphousglassyandnon-crystallinestructureresultinginthematerialhavingpozzolanicpropertiesmeaningthatitwillreactwithcalciumhydroxideproducedbythereactionoflimeorcementandwatertoproduceadditionalcementitiousorbindingcompounds.Thecompositionoftheseparticlesisnotcrystallineandistermedamorphousglassnon-crystalline.Theseamorphousparticlescontributetotheyashhavingpozzolanicproperties12.Furnacebottomashcomprisesmainlyagglomeratedorfusedparticlesthataretoolargetobecarriedintheuegases.Theseparticlesinsteadfalltoanashcollectionpointatthebottomofthefurnace.Furnacebottomasheshaveasimilarchemicalcompositiontoyash.Thereareanumberofsub-classicationsorgradesforyashandfurnacebottomash.Theseare-FlyAshGradesGradedAS3582.1UngradedorRunofStationFurnaceBottomAshGradedUngradedorRunofStationThetermsGradedandUngradedaredescribedbelowGraded-amaterialthathasbeenprocessedselectedorclassiedtomeetspecicgradingandpropertyrequirementsUngraded-amaterialthathasnotbeenprocessedclassiedorselectedtomeetspecicgradingandpropertyrequirementsAshfromeachpowerstationwillhaveuniquepropertiesthataregenerallysuitableforuseasconstructionmaterialcomponents.Signicantquantitiesofmaterialareavailableforfurtherprocessingblendingandapplication.Thesematerialsareavailablefromanumberofsourcesandintheformsdescribedbelow.2.2FLYASHMATERIALAVAILABILITYUngradedyashisseparatedfromuegassesbyelectrostaticprecipitationorfabricltrationpriortotransporttoprocessingfacilitiesorashstoragesiloswhereitbecomesavailableforcollectionandtransport.Ashfromeachpowerstationwillgenerallyexhibitspeciccharacteristicsthatalsomakesitusefulasaconstructionmaterialcomponent.Flyashthatisnotimmediatelyrequiredforbenecialuseisalsoroutinelytransportedtodedicatedashstoragefacilitiesofdifferenttypeslocatedadjacenttothepowerstation.Theseinclude1.DryPlacementUngradedyashisconditionedwithwaterandconveyedbytruckorconveyorforplacement2.DensePhasePlacementUngradedyashismixedwithwatertocreateadensephasematerialspriortopumpingtoanalstoragelocationCoalredpowerstationshavetraditionallyuseddensephaseplacementsystemsduetosimplicityandlowoperatingcosts.Storedmaterialscanberecoveredforbenecialreusebutpropertiesmayneedtobere-assessedpriortouse.FlyAshReferenceDataSheetNO.320131 2GradedyashasdiscussedpreviouslyisextensivelyusedinthemanufactureofblendedcementsandasanSCMinconcrete12.AustralianStandardAS3582.1setsoutthespecicationrequirementsfornemediumandcoarsegradeasshowninTable1below.InadditiontothepropertieslistedinTable1thereareanumberofothercharacteristicsrelevanttoSCMperformanceincludingAvailablealkalicontentRelativedensityRelativewaterrequirementRelativestrength2.3FURNACEBOTTOMASHFurnacebottomashFBAiscomposedofagglomeratedashparticlescollectedatthebaseofthefurnaceorcombustionchamberofthepowerstationboiler.Furnacebottomashcanbecollectedwetordrydependingonthepowerstationcongurationandtransferredtodedicatedstoragelocations.Thismaterialisoftengreytoblackincolouralthoughsomematerialscanbewhitewithangularshapedparticlesandaporoussurfacestructure.Thegrainsizeoffurnacebottomashrangesfromnesandtonegravelgreaterthan5mmsize.TypicallytheparticlesizeforFBAistypically0.1mmto30mmalthoughmostcommonlylessthan20mminsize456.Furnacebottomashcanbecollectedandprocessedfromtheashrepository.Themethodofcollectionwilldependontheactualbenecialuse.Followingcollectiontherequiredcharacteristicsapplicabletotheproposednalbenecialusemayneedtobereconrmed.3.APPLICATIONOFCCPS3.1GENERALAspreviouslyindicatedyashismostcommonlyusedinSCMapplicationswhilefurnacebottomashismainlyusedinconstructionapplicationsasneandcourseaggregate.Duetothepropertiesandcharacteristicsofthesematerialsvariousotherapplicationsinothereldshavebeenreported7891011.Someoftheseinclude-OilwellcementforapplicationinthedrillingofoilwellswherehightemperaturesprevailDecorativeglassCeramicbresTilesSyntheticmarbleReectivematerialContinuouscastingmouldpowderDomesticcleaningpowderSyntheticwoodAluminamagnetiteironcarbonandcenospheresinmineralextractionGlassceramicsFoaminsulationproductsAnti-corrosioncoatingsSyntheticzeolitesAgricultureandsoilamendmentPotassiumsilicatefertilizerManufacturedaggregatesWhilstthelistofpotentialapplicationsforCCPsareextensivethefocusofthisdatasheetrelatesspecicallytoconstructionmaterialsasthisareaisconsideredtohavethegreatestbulkusagepotentialforsuchmaterials.CurrentlyinAustraliaotherthanascementitiousbindersinconcreteCCPshavehadlimiteduseasconstructionmaterialsin-StructuralllsaggregatesandminerehabilitationMineralllersWastestabilizationandsolidicationRoadandpavementmaterialsInthefollowingsectionsdetailedinformationrelatingtothefollowingapplicationsisdescribedastheseareaspresentthemostpotentialforsignicantbenecialuse-RoadandpavementconstructionManufacturedaggregatesFillerandgroutapplicationsandStructurallls3.2ROADANDPAVEMENTCONSTRUCTIONCCPsareusedworldwideinpavementandroadconstruction.FortheseapplicationstheADAAcanprovideinformationrelatingtopavementconstruction4androadstabilisation1213.Duetotheconsistentparticlesizerelativetootherpavementmaterialcomponentstheseproductscanbeusedinmostpavementlayers413withsomeroadsandpavementconstructionapplicationsforeachsummarisedbelow-FlyashIngredientinsoilmodicationandorstabilisationComponentinroadbasessubbasesandpavementIngredientinwastestabilisationandorsolidicationFurnacebottomashWheresettlementofthesubgradeisofconcerninembankmentsonsoftorpoorgroundconditionsAggregateinroadbasessubbasesandpavementTherearealargenumberofindustrialpavementapplicationsrequiringsubbaseandsubgradelayersusedtosupporttrafcloadswithindistributionandwarehousetypefacilities.CCPscanenhancesuchpavementlayersbymodifyingthestructureofsuchlayerblendsandalsointhecaseofyashitspozzolanicnaturecanbeusedtoincreasebearingcapacity.ImportantlyyashdoesnotnecessarilyneedtoconformtotherequirementsofAS3582.1tobeeffectiveinsuchapplications.Inthelastfewdecadesduetoincreasingtrafcloadsroadshaverequiredincreasinglevelsofrehabilitationandmaintenanceandthusincreasedcost.UsingCCPsnotonlyhelpstoreduceGradeFinenesspassing45msieveLossonignitionMaxMoisturecontentMaxSO3contentMaxFine754.01.03.0Medium655.01.03.0Coarse556.01.03.0Ref.TestMethodAS3583.13583.33583.23583.8Table1FlyAshasdenedinAS3582.1 3maintenancecoststhroughproductimprovementsbutalsoisenvironmentallybenecialastheuseofCCPscontributestotheconservationofnaturalresourceswhichwouldotherwisebeused.3.3MANUFACTUREDAGGLOMERATEDAGGREGATESCCPscanalsobeusedasmanufacturedaggregatesorincombinationwithnaturalaggregates.GenerallycoarserCCPsspecicallyfurnacebottomashareusedforthispurpose.Duetotheparticlesizeoffurnacebottomashitcanbeusedasareplacementforaggregateandisusuallysufcientlywell-gradedinsizetoavoidtheneedforblendingwithotherneaggregatestomeetgradingrequirements.Furnacebottomashparticleshaveaporoussurfacestructureandarelessdensethanconventionalnaturalaggregate.ItisgenerallybenecialtouseFBAinbasecourseandshouldermaterialblendsorincoldmixapplicationsforpavementconstruction.Furnacebottomashisalsopotentiallybenecialasalightweightconcreteaggregate.3.4FILLERSANDGROUTSINCLUDINGSTRUCTURALFILLCoalcombustionproductsareusedasllerswithinslurriedmaterialmixesandingrouts.TheseapplicationshavetraditionallyhadspeciedgradedneyashasreferencedinAS3582.1.HoweverinmanyllerandgroutapplicationsitisnotnecessarytousespeciallyselectedmaterialconformingtoAS3582.1asungradedyashdescribedearlierwouldbedirectlyapplicableandcouldpotentiallytsuchapplicationsmorecloselywithhavingthepresenceofcoarserparticlefractions.Theincorporationofyashimprovestheuidityofowablellandgrouts.Specicallytheshapeandparticlesizedistributionofyashmakesitagoodmineralllerforexampleinasphalticconcreteapplications.ThemostcommonapplicationsforCCPbasedllersarefoundinbuildingandroadconstruction.Theseinclude-FlyashComponentofowablellFillmaterialforstructuralapplicationsandembankments5MineralllerinasphaltFurnacebottomashFillmaterialforstructuralapplicationsandembankments5ConcreteaggregateAggregateformasonryunitmanufactureImprovementofsubgradeconditionswheresettlementisofconcerninembankmentconstruction4.CONCLUSIONWhilstyashisextensivelyusedincementandconcreterelatedapplicationsthisreferencedatasheetexploresmanyotherpotentialapplicationsforyashuseinroadconstructionstructuralandnon-structuralllsandasllersandingroutapplications.Furnacebottomashalsohasarangeofusesinneandcoarseaggregateapplicationswherenaturalaggregatesareused.ByutilizingCCPsinsuchapplicationstherearedualbenetsofbeingabletoprovideconstructionmaterialshavingimprovedqualityaswellashavingapositiveinuenceonsustainabilitythroughreducedCO2emissionsreduceddepletionofnaturalresourcesandreducedrequirementsfordisposalandstorageofmaterialatpowerstations.Flyashandfurnacebottomashareavailableasgradedorungradedmaterials.Materialsourcesacrossthepowerstationinclude-ClassiersPrecipitatorsAshhoppersInterimstoragebinsAshrepositorydamTheAssociationrecommendstestingbeconductedoneachmaterialsourcetoensurethatitspropertiesandcharacteristicsareclearlyknown. 4REFERENCES1.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAGuidetotheUseofFlyAshinConcreteinAustraliaFlyAshReferenceDataSheetNo.1Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.aurefdatasheets.htmAugust20094p.2.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAAustralianExperiencewithFlyAshinConcreteApplicationsandOpportunitiesFlyAshTechnicalNoteNo.8Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.autechnicalnotes.htmNovember20094p.3.StandardsAustraliaAustralianStandardAS3582.1SupplementaryCementitiousMaterialsforUseWithPortlandandBlendedCementPart1FlyAshISBN0733716881SAIGlobal1998.4.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAPavementConstructionandtheRoleofCoalCombustionProductsTechnicalNoteNo.5Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.audocumentsTechnical_Notes_5.pdf20124p.5.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAStructuralFillsandtheRoleofCoalCombustionProductsTechnicalNoteNo.6Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.audocumentsTechnical_Notes_6.pdf20124p.6.CementConcreteandAggregatesAustraliaUseofRecycledAggregatesinConstructionCCAATechnicalReportAvailablefromwww.ccaa.com.auOctober200826p.7.DemirbasA.PotentialapplicationsofRenewableEnergySourcesBiomassCombustionProblemsinBoilerPowerSystemsandCombustionRelatedEnvironmentalIssuesProgressinEnergyandCombustionScience2005.312p.171-192.ASHDEVELOPMENTASSOCIATIONOFAUSTRALIAADAAPOBox1194WollongongNSW2500AustraliaTelephone61242281389Fax61242281777Emailadaaadaa.asn.auWebwww.adaa.asn.au8.DemirbasA.PotentialApplicationsofRenewableEnergySourcesBiomassCombustionProblemsinBoilerPowerSystemsandCombustionRelatedEnvironmentalIssues.FuelandEnergyAbstracts2005.466p.387-388.9.MurarkaI.PandEricksonJUseofCoalCombustionProductsinMine-FillingApplicationsAReviewofAvailableLiteratureandCaseStudiesFinalReportReferenceDOEAwardNo99-CBRCAmericanCoalAshAssociationOct2006.10.TechnologyInformationForecastingandAssessmentCouncilTIFACHighValueAddedProductsandApplicationsofFlyashDepartmentofScienceandTechnologyGovernmentofIndiaCodeNoTMS101httpwww.tifac.org.in2009.11.NebraskaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityNDEQBenecialUseofCoalCombustionBy-ProductsSteelManufacturingBy-ProductsandOtherSimilarMaterialsNDOEEnvironmentalGuidanceDocument06-2122007.12.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAFlyAshBlendedBindersforRoadStabilisationReferenceDataSheetNo.7Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.audocumentsRef_Data_Sheet_7.pdf20052p.13.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAModiedandStabilisedConstructionMaterialsIncorporatingCoalCombustionProductsReferenceDataSheetNo13.14.Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.audocumentsRef_Data_Sheet_13.pdf20125p. ProgressfortheCRCforLowCarbonLivingTheCRCforLowCarbonLivinghostedatwodayParticipantsandResearchersForuminSydneyon24-25October2013.Theeventtrackedprogressofcurrentresearchprojectsandprovidedanopportunityforresearchersparticipantsandotherstakeholderstogettogethertoexploreend-userneedsanddevelopideasandconceptsforthenextroundofprojects.-Seemoreathttpwww.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.auEventCRCforLowCarbonLivingParticipantandResearchersForum.htmlTheAssociationparticipatedinaseriesofworkshopsoverthecourseofthetwodays.CraigHeidrichCEOparticipatedinthepaneldiscussionandprovidedabriefpresentationduringtheBuildingssystemsandintegrationworkshopchairedbyDavidParken-TheAustralianInstituteofArchitects.CRCparticipantsandresearcherswereinformedaboutprogressoftherstyearprojectsandhighlightsfromresearchndings.Australianbuildingsemitapproximately150MTofCO2-eperannumandunderbusinessasusualthisisexpectedtogrowto275MTofCO2-eby2050.Howeverthepursuitofenergyefciencycouldlimittheseemissionstobemorelike200MTofCO2-eby2050.CraigHeidrichusingthePressureStateResponsemodel-sharedperspectivesonchallengestobeconfrontedmovingtowardsandovercomingthebarrierstolowcarbonconcretes.Alivelyquestionandanswersessionfollowedwithanumberofquestionsfromtheoor.Ultimatelythesessionprovidedagoodoverviewofyear1activitieswhichstimulatedalotofinterestfromtheaudienceandhopefullyplantedsomeseedsforthenextroundofCRCresearchprojectsinthisarea.WithinProgram1-Buildingssystemsandintegrationanumberofprojectsarecurrentlyunderreview.OneprojectaddresseslowcarbonconcretesusingalternativestotheconventionalPortlandcementandbarrierstobeovercomebeforeenteringthemainstreamofconcreteconstruction.Theprojectonlowcarbonmaterialsaimedtoidentifythebarrierstotheirwidespreadadoptioninindustry.Themainbarrieridentiedwasthelackofstandardspecicationsthatincludedthismaterial.IndeeddesignofplainreinforcedandprestressedconcreteincodesandstandardssuchasAS3600implicitlyassumethattheconcreteisbasedonPortlandcement.ThereforeithasbeendeterminedthatthepathwaytoovercomethisbarrieristodevelopaStandardTestMethodsHandbookforLowCarbonConcretemixdesignthroughStandardsAustraliatoassistengineersandend-usersinspecifyingandusinglowcarbonconcretewithgreatercondenceandlessrisk.Anotherimportantpartoftheprojectisthedevelopmentofsyntheticorarticialaggregatesmanufacturedfromcoalcombustionby-productsthatmaybeusedineitherGCorOPCconcrete.IndeedtherapiddepletionofqualitynaturalaggregatequarrysourcesclosetomostmajormetropolitanregionsofAustraliahasemphasisedtheneedtoexplorealternativeeconomicsourcestosupportincreasingvitalinfrastructuredevelopmentincludinghousingroadsbridgesschoolsandhospitals.FormoreinformationontheCRCforLowCarbonlivingpleasevisithttpwww.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.au08ADAADECEMBER13 TitleStatusPavementConstructionandtheRoleoCoalCombustionproductsTN5PublishedStructuralFillsandtheRoleoCoalCombustionProductsTN6PublishedUseoFlyAshtoAchieveEnhancedSustainabilityinConstructionTN11PublishedCO2BeneftsUsingCCPsTN12DratingNORMSTN13DratingUseoCoalCombustionProductsasConstructionMaterialComponentsRDS3PublishedCoalCombustionProductsinRollerCompactedConcreteRDS10PublishedCCPsorSoilApplicationsHorticulturalandAgriculturalAssessmentRDS11ScopeCCPsorSoilApplicationsHorticulturalandAgriculturalApplicationsRDS12ScopeModifedandStabilisedCoalCombustionProductsRDS13PublishedADAATechnicalDocumentsTheNationalTechnicalCommitteehascontinuedtopushforwardontheupdateoftechnicalliteratureproducedbytheAssociationinthepastyears.Ofthe9documentsidentiedforreviewanumberhavebeenpublishedwithassistanceandtechnicalguidancefromADAAmembers.OurmemberbaseiscrucialtothereviewofthesedocumentsinprovidingacurrentindustryleadingperspectiveonpresentandfutureapplicationsofCCPs.AnumberoftechnicaldocumentshaverecentlybeenpublishedanduploadedtotheADAAwebsite.TheseincludethemostrecentlypublishedReferenceDataSheet3UseofCoalCombustionProductsasConstructionMaterialComponentswhichisaninsertinthisedition.In2014theAssociationplanstopublishseveralnewTechnicalNotesincludingTechnicalNote12CO2BenetsofUsingCCPsandTechnicalNote13NORMSinAustralianCCPs.Bothofthesepublicationsfocusonemergingareasofinterestintheindustryincludingthesignicantcontributionthatcoalcombustionproductshavemadetothereductionofcarbonemissionsintheotherwisecarbon-intensiveconstructionmaterialsproductionprocess.TheAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliawouldliketothankourmembersfortheircontributiontothecollaborativedraftanddesignonthesedocuments.Theireffortsensurethesuccessofsuchpublicationsandthattheinformationpublishedistimelyandrelevanttothecurrentindustryposition.UPDATEADAADECEMBER1309 10ADAADECEMBER13AustralianSocietyofConcretePavementsAlexandersMulchandSoilSuppliesislocatedatMandalongontheNSWCentralCoastandhasbeenownedbyRayPersinifor7years.ThisbusinessisspecialisedtocaterforahandfulofwholesalemarketsmainlyontheCentralCoastandNorthofSydneysupplyingvarioussoiltypesmainlytoretaillandscapingcompanies.Thisbusinessisalsorelevantinthatitusesfurnacebottomashfromlocalsuppliersinanumberofproducts.ThefurnacebottomashFBAtypeandapplicationofeachmaterialisdescribedbelowIntermsoftheFBAsuppliersEraringprovidesboththe7mmand9mmaggregate.The7mmaggregateisauniqueproductasitisonlyobtainedthroughwetscreening.Additionallythe9mmaggregateismuchcheaperincomparisontonaturalsubstancesandpotentiallyperformsbetterduetoitslighterweight.HowardsRecyclingsuppliesFBAfromValespointintheformof9mmminusashandissoontosupplythe7mmaggregateaswell.ThisbusinessdemonstratesyetanotherbenecialuseofCCPmaterialsinanunexpectedapplicationarea.OnMonday12August2013theADAAattendedtheASCP2013ConcretePavementsConferenceattheAustralianNationalMaritimeMuseumDarlingHarbourSydney.ThisonedaytechnicaleventaimedtoprovidetheindustrywithcurrentandrelevantinformationaboutconcretepavementdesignconstructionmaterialsandequipmentfromwithinAustraliaandinternationally.AdditionallytheMuseumlocationprovidedaninterestingvenuewithaccesstoalargenumberofmaritimehistoricalartefacts.With10presentationscoupledwithanumberofdiscussionsessionsthisConferenceoffereddelegatestailoredinformationonspecictopicsandtheopportunitytodiscussconceptsandideaswithpresentersandcolleaguesalike.TheAssociationencouragesmemberstoattendsucheventsastheyaffordavaluabletechnicalandprofessionalnetworkingopportunityinindustry-relatedelds.WelookforwardtothenextASCPconferencein2015.FormoreinformationontheASCPpleasevisithttpwww.concretepavements.com.auFBATypeSupplierApplicationBenefcialProperties7mmaggregateEraringEnergyPottingmixadditiveAllowsorairandwaterfltrationRaisespHslightlyAlternativetosandpebblesbecauseitislighter9mmminusashHowardsRecyclingValesPointOthersoilproductseg.soilconditionerPreventssoilrombindingtogetherMakessoillighterincreasesvolumeRaisespHslightlyAlternativetosandpebblesbecauseitislighterAlexandersMulchandSoilSuppliesCONFERENCEREPORTBUSINESSOVERVIEW CraigHeidrichonbehalfoftheADAAattendedthe5thbiennialWorldofCoalAshWOCAinAprilthisyearatLexingtonKentucky.ThiseventwasorganisedbytheAmericanCoalAshAssociationACAAandtheUniversityofKentuckysCenterforAppliedEnergyResearchCAERandfocusedonthesustainabilityofcoalashanditsapplicationsworldwidefromascienticperspective.Craigpresentedtwopapersandaco-authoredkeynoteaddresswhichfocusedontheAustralianlegislativeenvironmentincomparisontothatseenintheUSdemonstratingtheinternationalforumprovided.Organiserssoughttoimproveonpreviousnumbersfrom2011andincludedanumberofCCBCCPrelatedtopicsbeingUtilisationofcoalashanduegasdesulfurizationmaterialsSustainableprojectsusingCCPsEmergingtechnologiesGeneralashmanagementincludingdisposalMercuryrelatedtopicsRecentresearchandspeciccasestudiesInternationalactivitiesRegulatorytopicsfromlocalStateandFederalperspectivesWOCA2013providedanexcellentopportunityfortheADAAtocontinueworkingwithothercountriestoincorporateCCPutilisationintonewfacetsofindustry.Formoreinformationpleasevisithttpwww.worldofcoalash.orgCoalAshAsia2013washeldon5th-7thSeptember2013inShuozhouCityShanxiProvinceChina.CraigHeidrichattendedonbehalfoftheADAAandpresentedtheKeynoteAddress.ThecentralthemeofthisconferencewasthescienceandbusinessofcoalashutilizationandwasorganizedbytheChineseInstituteforTechnicalinformationfortheBuildingMaterialsIndustryChina.ThiseventwashostedbytheMunicipalGovernmentofShuozhouinconjunctionwiththeAsianCoalAshAssociationACAA.TheAsianCoalAshAssociationanditsmembersconductandcontributeresearchonmarketandtechnicaldevelopmentsinthecoalcombustionby-productsindustry.In2010theAssociationlaunchedaprogramthatreecteditseducationobjectivesbycollectingandpublishingindustryinformationformembersthemediaandthegeneralpublicinordertoincreasetheunderstandingofcoalashutilisationtechnologiesandbenets.Updatedreportsareexpectedtobemadeavailableinthersthalfof2014.KeyeventsfromCoalAshAsia2013includedTheintroductionofanew3millionsquaremetercoalashutilizationindustrialparkinShuozhouCityThelaunchofaUS30millioncoalashinvestmentfundTheestablishmentoftheAsianCoalAshResearchandDevelopmentCentreTherewasatrulyinternationalpresencewith528participantsfrom258enterprisesuniversityandresearchinstitutes.Theparticipationofinternationalcompaniesandresearcherswasespeciallystrongwithmorethan20internationaldelegatesrepresentingmorethan10differentcountries.Thisdemonstratedtherecognisedvaluablenetworkingandknowledgetransferopportunitiesmadeavailable.FormoreinformationontheAsianCoalAshAssociationpleasevisithttpwww.asiancoalash.orgConferenceReportCoalAshAsia2013CONFERENCEREPORTWorldofCoalAshWOCACONFERENCEREPORTADAADECEMBER1311 TheConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMIC2014isonagainandisscheduledforWednesday3rduntilSaturday6thSeptember2014attheBrisbaneConventionandExhibitionCentre.ThethemeforthisconferenceisonewhichisfoundationaltothecurrentmarketclimatebeingBuildingProductivityandispresentedbytheInstituteofQuarryingAustraliaIQAinconjunctionwiththeCementConcreteAggregatesAustraliaCCAA.ExpressionsofInterestforattendanceandpapersubmissionsarenowopenhoweverimportantkeydatesareDecember2013CallforAbstractsopenApril-June2014EarlyBirdRegistrationMay2014SpeakersnotiedofAbstractStatusTheAssociationwillbebemanningastandintheExhibitionHallandweencourageourmemberstoattendtotakepartinthisvaluablenetworkingopportunity.WewillseektobringyoufurtherupdatesinthenexteditionofCoalAshMattersinApril2014.Formoreinformationvisithttpwww.iceaustralia.comcmic14index.php.UnLpgRZE6gwViewsexpressedinCoalAshMattersnewsletterdonotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionoftheAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustralia.Allcontributionsarewelcomedthoughthepublisherreservestherighttodeclineoreditforstylegrammarlengthandlegalreasons.2005-13.SUBSCRIBETOwww.adaa.asn.auCOALASHmatters12ADAADECEMBER13TheConcreteInstituteofAustraliasBiennialNationalConferenceConcrete2013washeldattheGoldCoastConventionandExhibitionCentreGoldCoastQueenslandfrom16to18October2013.Conferencehighlightsincluded5keynotespeakers75sessions15awardposters480registrantsnetworkinglisteningandlearningfromthebestintheeld44exhibitingcompanies11sponsorsThebroadthemeoftheconferencewasUnderstandingConcretecoveringmaterialsresearchdesignconstructionandinnovation.Theconferenceprovidedaforumforthesharingofideasandexperiencethroughformalpresentationsindustrydisplaysandinformalcontactbetweendelegates.Itwastheconcreteindustryspre-eminenttechnicalandsocialeventintheSouthernHemispherefor2013.ThetechnicalprogramwasofvaluetopractisingcivilandstructuralengineersengineeringacademicsconcreteproductmanufacturerscivilandbuildingcontractorsdevelopersGovernmentDepartmentscoveringtransportroadsrailwaysandpublicworksandlocalGovernmentshiresandcouncils.Oneofthemainthemesthatarosefromthisconferencewasthegrowingpopularityofyashmaterialsandtheiruseingeopolymers.ThisproductwasrepresentedinanumberofsessionsincludingStructuresResearchandApplications5SessionsConcreteMaterialsandPerformance3SessionsandGeopolymerConcrete3Sessions.ThisindicatesyetanotherinnovativeeldforthecontinuedbenecialutilisationofcoalcombustionproductsCCPs.TheAssociationreceivedapositiveresponsefromConferencedelegatesandfellowexhibitors.Therewereanumberofenquiriesrangingfrommembershipinterestobtainingsamplesforresearchprogramstogeneralinterestinouraimsandactivities.TheseeventsareimportanttotheeducationandtechnicalfoundationsoftheAssociationbecauseitbringsmemberstogetherwithotherindustrystakeholderstoencourageknowledgetransfer.TheAssociationwouldalsoliketothankRoyButcherandJoannePortellafromEngineeredMaterialSolutionsfortheirtechnicalassistanceonthestandthroughouttheconference.Concrete2015willbeheldfrom30Augustuntil2September2015atthePullmanAlbertParkMelbourne.Formoreinformationvisithttpconcrete2015.com.auConcrete2013ConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMIC2014CONFERENCEREPORTCOMINGUP
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13CCPs-avaluableresourcewww.adaa.asn.auEditorialCoalAshMattersispublishedbyADAATheAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaPh0242281389Fax0242281777Emailinfoadaa.asn.auWebsitewww.adaa.asn.auISSUEDECEMBER2013DECEMBERTHISISSUE-DECEMBER131Editorial2Wagners2013BPNSustainabilityAwardsSUCCESSNSWEPAExemptionAmendmentsGazetted3WherearetheynowGregJohnsonCoalCombustionHandbookReviewUpdate4FlyAshReferenceDataSheetNo.38ProgressfortheCRCforLowCarbonLiving9UpdateADAATechnicalDocuments10BusinessOverviewAlexandersMulchandSoilSuppliesConferenceReportAustralianSocietyofConcretePavements11ConferenceReportWorldofCoalAshWOCAConferenceReportCoalAshAsia201312ConferenceReportConcrete2013ComingUpConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMIC2014AsanotheryearendapproacheswereectonthesuccessoftheAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAanditsmembers.FocusingonregulatoryengagementacrosstheStatesofNSWandQLDtheAssociationhassecuredincreasedregulatoryandlegalcertaintyforthesustainedandfutureuseofcoalcombustionproducts.SincetheAssociationsearlybeginningsknowledgedevelopmentandtechnologytransferhavebeenacoretenet.ThiseditionreportsonresearchanddevelopmentactivitiesoftheAssociationsinvolvementwiththeCRCforLowCarbonLivingcoupledwiththevarioustechnicalpublicationstofurtherourunderstandingofcoalcombustionproductsCCPs.ThiseditionexploresthegrowthofCCPswithintheconstructionmaterialsindustrybyprolingselectedresearchers.GregJohnsonprovidesuswithaninsightintohiscareerincludinggeopolymercofns.ContinuingthisalternativeuseforcoalcombustionproductsthemethiseditionalsofocusesonAlexandersMulchandSoilSuppliesanditsuseofcoalcombustionproductsintheirsoilandlandscapingsuppliestowholesalemarkets.ThecompanyiscurrentlyusingcoalcombustionproductsastheybeneciallyincreasesoilvolumepHandwaterltrationproperties.ThisisjustanotherexampleofthebenecialutilisationofCCPs.TheReviewoftheCoalCombustionProductsHandbookiscomingtoaclosewithanexpectedcompletiondateofDecember2013.Afternearly2yearsofhardworkanddedicationfrombothmemberandnon-memberauthorsthispublicationrepresentsthefoundationoftheAssociationinDoingTogetherWhatWecouldnotDoAloneaphrasecoinedbythethenCEOFrankvanSchagenwhichisalegacydocumentfromthenowconcludedCRCforCoalinSustainableDevelopment.IndustryeducationeventshavedominatedtherecentmonthsoftheAssociationsactivities.InthiseditionweprovideareportonconferencessuchasConcrete2013theAustralianSocietyofConcretePavementsConferenceandCoalAshAsia.Theseeventsofferednetworkingopportunitiesonanationalandinternationalscaletoincreaseawarenessandpotentialopportunitiesfortheuseofcoalcombustionproducts.TherearealsofutureeventstolookforwardtowiththeConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMICscheduledfor3-6September2014attheBrisbaneConventionCentre.WewillseektokeepyouupdatedwithkeydatesanddetailedConferenceReportsareavailablelaterinthisaddition.LastlytheAssociationwouldliketowishallmembersasafeandhappyholidayperiod.WelookforwardtoworkingwithyounextyeartofurthertheAssociationsaimstobringbenettomembers.ADAADECEMBER1301COALASHEDITORIALTEAMChieExecutiveOfcerCraigHeidrichEditorOliviaYeatmanDesign101DesignPtyLtdContributorsOliviaYeatmanCraigHeidrichCarolWilsonGregJohnsonTomGlasbyRayPersiniCoalAshMattersisabi-annualpublicationCirculation2000 Onthe21stNovember2013WagnerswereawardedtheBestoftheBestAwardatAustraliasBPNSustainabilityAwardsfortheuseoftheirEarthFriendlyConcreteEFCaproprietarygeopolymerconcreteinthemulti-riseGlobalChangeInstitutebuildingGCIattheUniversityofQueensland.GeopolymerconcreteisnotanewtechnologybutonethatisnallyemerginginagrowingnumberofcommercialapplicationssuchasthegroundbreakingGCIstructurewherethe3suspendedoorsareprecastEFCoorbeamsthatspan10.5m.ThecarbonreductionpotentialofthistechnologyimpressedthejudgesoftheBPNAwards.ThiskindofproductoffersanimmediatepathtolowembodiedenergybuildingsandprovideslongtermopportunitiestofeedintothedesignandbuildingprocessofalmostallbuildingsinAustraliaandtheworld.TomGlasbyEarthFriendlyConcreteManageratWagnersoutlinedthatEFCwastheresultofover8yearsdevelopmentbytheWagnerstechnicalteamwhichhasseensignicantadvancesinthepast18months.EFCiscompletelycementfreeandiscomprisedofsandaggregateyashslaguniqueactivatorchemicalsandpurposemadeadmixtures.EFChassimilarplasticstatepropertiesasnormalconcreteandcanbeproducedanddeliveredusingexistingmethods.ApartfromitsenvironmentalcredentialsEFCisahighperformanceconcretewithverylowshrinkageandextremelyhighresistancetosulphateattackandchlorideingress.CongratulationstoAssociationMembersWagnersCementontheiraward-winninginnovativeproduct.ThislookstobeasignofthingstocomeasCCPsarecontinuallyusedtoimprovesustainabilityobjectives.FormoreinformationofWagnersEarthFriendlyConcretepleasevisithttpwww.wagner.com.aucapabilitiesefc02ADAADECEMBER13NSWEPAExemptionAmendmentsGazettedSUCCESSMembershipCOMPANYMEMBERSAprimaryroleoftheADAAistobringtogetherproducersandmarketersofcoalcombustionproductsCCPs.OuractivitiescoverresearchanddevelopmentintoCCPusageadvocacyandtechnicalassistancetoCCPproducersandusersaswellasaforumfortheexchangeandpublicationofCCPinformation.FormoreinformationontheAssociationvisitusatwww.adaa.asn.auRELATEDASSOCIATIONSCSIROwww.smit.csiro.auAssociationofCanadianIndustriesRecyclingCoalAshCIRCAwww.circainfo.caUKQualityAshAssociationwww.ukqaa.org.ukAmericanCoalAshAssociationwww.acaa-usa.orgWorldWideCoalCombustionProductsNetworkWWCCPNwww.wwccpn.orgAdbriMasonryAdbriResourcesAlintaEnergyGroupLtdBulkFlyashGroutsPtyLtdCSEnergyLtdDeltaElectricityEraringEnergyGenesisPowerLimitedGoldenBayCementHolcimPtyLtdHyrockNSWPtyLtdIndependentCementLimePtyLtdInterGenAustraliaMillmerranInternationalPowerKellerMineFillJVLLISIndustrialPtyLtdLoyYangPowerNRGGladstonePowerStationNucrushPtyLtdRioTintoRoadsAndMaritimeServicesStanwellCorporationSunstateCementLtdTRUenergyVecorLtdVerveEnergyWagnersCementWestonMatrixFollowingsome24monthsofbriengsmeetingsandsubmissionsofadditionalresearchmaterialstoWasteResourceStrategyoftheEnvironmentProtectionAuthorityEPANSWresponsibleforadministeringWasteResourceRecoverytheEPAgazettedamendmentstotheGeneralExemptionforcoalcombustionproducts.Thislengthyanddifcultbutnecessaryconsultationprocessasrequiredinordertoobtaintherightoutcomeforourmembers.InsummarytheamendedGeneralExemptionhttpwww.epa.nsw.gov.auresourceswasteex13coalash.pdfincorporatesanumberofspecicchangesproposedbytheADAAwhichwillhavewiderpositivebenetsinincreasingthebenecialutilisationofcoalcombustionproductsinbothNSWandotherjurisdictions.ThemainchangesincludeConditionsforlowpHcoalashusearenowincorporatedintotheexemptionwherelowpHcoalashcanbeblendedequalto20withapprovedmaterialssuchaslimenaturalquarriedrockcoalashcoalwasheryrejectsrecoveredrailwayballastandcrushedconcreteAdenitionforcementitiousapplicationsisnowincorporatedwithsignicantlyreducedtestingandreportingrequirementsforallsupplychainparticipantsAdenitionfornon-cementitiousapplicationshasnowbeenincorporatedtoclarifyapplications.RestrictionsforuseofcoalashinwaterhavenowbeenremovedforcementitiousapplicationsOtherminoramendmentsfortestmethodshavebeenmadewhichreducetestingcostburdenApartfromthesechangesallotherconditionsremainunchangedfromthe2010version.ThisoutcomeisjustanotherexampleofDoingtogetherwhatwecouldnotdoalonethroughtheAssociation.InparticularwewouldliketothankselectedmembersfortheirinvolvementandassistanceGarryCraig-EraringEnergyJustinFlood-DeltaElectricityProfessorColinWard-UNSWDrJaneAiken-LendLeaseandRoyButcherandDrDakshBawejafromEMS.ForfurtherinformationontheExemptionpleasevisithttpwww.epa.nsw.gov.auresourceswasteex13coalash.pdf2013BPNSustainabilityAwards Wellithasbeenquitearidesinceenteringtheconcreteindustry36yearsago.OnethingisforsureithasalwaysbeeninterestingnotonlyfortheresearchanddevelopmentRDprojectsIhavebeeninvolvedinbutalsobecauseofthepeopleIhavemetalongtheway.Myinitiationintoconcretewasin1977whenIwasemployedasananalystattheReadymixCentralResearchLaboratorylocatedatNorthRydeinSydney.PreviouslyIhadworkedasaChemistfor3yearsbutIwantedtousemygeologytrainingandIhopedthatconcretewouldprovidethatopportunity.TheanalysisIperformedactuallyinvolvedmorechemistrythangeologybutIdidmeetsomegreatworkmatesandalsointeractedwithsomeofthemostknowledgeablepeopleintheindustryAlekSamarinandBobMunn.TheanalysisofcementandconcretewasinterestingbutnotchallengingsowithinafewyearsItransferredtothenewlyformedRelcretedivisionofMonierwhereIworkedwithBarryButlerandlaterJohnAshbyastheirResearchChemist.ThisiswhereIdiscoveredmypassionforRDandIstarteddevelopmentonmanyoftheproductsthatRelcretesuppliedbeingconcreteadmixturesyashbagmixgroutsandroadblends.ItwasaroundthistimethatconcretecancerwasahottopicsoIdevelopedarangeofnon-chlorideacceleratingadmixtureswhichweresoldastheAcNseries.Ialsodevelopedanewversionof40Cnon-shrinkgroutandarangeofroadblendswhichwereknownthroughouttheindustryastheRelcreteTripleBlends.SinceRelcretewasamajorsupplierofyashIinvestigatedmeansofimprovingitsperformanceandfoundthatthiscouldbeachievedbygrindingtheashtoasuitablesizerange.Thisledtothemechano-chemicalactivationofyashwhichwasaprojectperformedinassociationwiththeUniversityofWesternAustraliaandinvolvedgrindingtheashinanattritormillalongwithsuitablechemicalactivators.AftermanybatchtrialsattheValesPointFlyAshPlanttheprocesswaspatentedandacommercialplantsetupatBayswatertoproduceaveryreactiveashknownasSolidFlow.In1995ItransferredtotheTechnologySectionofRoclaPipewhereIcontinueddoingdevelopmentworkonconcreteproductsalongsideGeoffWestChrisBusckandTerryGourley.ItwasaroundthistimethatIstartedresearchongeopolymerconcretewhichhadjuststartedtoattractsomeinterestasanalternativebuildingmaterial.Geopolymerconcretehasmanysimilaritiestoconventionalconcretebutitisthedifferencesthatattractmostattention.ItisconsiderablymoreacidresistantthanOPCconcretewhichgivesitanadvantageinacidicenvironmentssuchasacidsulphatesoilsandsewerpipelines.Theproblemisthatthepolymerisationreactionhastobecontrolledandthiswasnallyachievedaftermanylabandplanttrials.AformulationandassociatedprocesswerepatentedformakinggeopolymerpipesbutsurprisinglytherstcommercialproductionofageopolymerproductbyRoclawasburialcrypts.Inthiscasegeopolymerconcretewaschosenforitslowcarbonfootprintduetotheabsenceofcement.Over2000tonnesoftheconcretewasproducedtomake945gravesiteswhichwereinstalledatWoronoraCemeteryinSydney.CurrentlyIamstillworkingatRocladoingresearchongeopolymerconcreteandalsoconcretemixoptimisationbasedonrheologicaldatainputs.CareerSummary1974BScgeologymajorfromtheUniversityofNSW1977-1978AnalystforReadymixConcreteLtd.-CentralResearchLaboratoryatNorthRyde1978-1985ResearchChemistforMonierRelcreteatVillawood1985-1995LaboratoryManagerforRoclaRelcreteatVillawood1995-2013SeniorDevelopmentScientistforRoclaPipeandQuarryProductsatGuildfordGregJohnsonThereviewoftheCoalCombustionProductsHandbookisexpectedtoconcludeinDecember2013.Sincetheproposalforthisprojectauthorsandcontributorshavebeenworkingtowardsthedesignandcompletionofdraftsforeachchapter.Toreiteratetheoriginalaimsoftheupdatethepurposeofthisprojectwastoupdateexistingandnewinformationwithresearchforapplicationinmarketdevelopmentsandthedistillationoftrends.ThisnewresearchalsoincorporateslegislativechangesintheformofexemptionstoincorporatethechangingfaceofCCPapplications.Atthisstagethemajorityofchaptershavebeencompletedandcirculatedformemberreview.FutureprogressrequiresRevisionandconrmationofdatatomeetcurrentstandardsFinalsign-offoncontentProongandpublicationCoalCombustionHandbookReviewUpdateTheADAAwouldliketothanktheauthorscontributorsandmembersfortheirhardworkthroughoutthislong-termproject.Bycontinuallyupdatingourtechnicalinformationwecanensurebothqualityandrelevancetostakeholdersandthegeneralpublicalike.WHEREARETHEYNOWADAADECEMBER1303 1.INTRODUCTIONCoalCombustionProductsCCPsaretheby-productsgeneratedfromthecombustionofpulverisedcoalincoal-redboilersusedforpowergeneration.Theseproductsincludeanercomponentcalledyashandacoarsecomponentcalledfurnacebottomash.Furnacebottomashiscollectedfromthebottomofthecombustionchamberwhilstyashisseparatedfromtheuegasbyeitherelectrostaticprecipitationorfabricltrationpriortothedischargeofthecleanuegasintotheatmosphere.ThereforeCCPsgenerallyfallintotwobroadcategories.InAustraliatheuseofCCPshasincreasedovertime.ThemostcommonbenecialuseofyashisasaSupplementaryCementitiousMaterialSCMinblendedcementandconcretemanufacture12.During2011approximately14milliontonnesofCCPswereproducedinAustraliaofwhichapproximately2milliontonnesofyashwasusedassupplementarycementitiousmaterialsincementbasedandconcreteapplications.Another4milliontonneswasusedinvariouscivilandstructuralapplicationsnotspecicallyaddressedinAustralianStandardsorinStateRoadAuthoritySpecications.ThisreferencedatasheetconsidersthetypesofCCPsthatarecurrentlyproducedatcoalredpowerstationsandthetypesofapplicationswheretheyprovidebenecialuseopportunitiesascomponentsofconstructionmaterials.2.COALCOMBUSTIONPRODUCTSCCPS2.1TYPESANDCLASSIFICATIONAsindicatedCCPsfallintotwobroadgroupsofmaterialsyashandfurnacebottomash.FlyashisdescribedinAustralianStandardAS3582.13asasolidmaterialextractedfromtheuegasesofaboilerredwithpulverizedcoal.WhilsttypicallyusedasanSCMthisdenitionalsoappliestomaterialsnotspecicallycomplyingwiththerequirementsofAS3582.1.Flyashiscomposedofmostlysilicaandaluminiumoxidespeciesbeinganematerialranginginsizebetween1mand300mwitharoundedratherthanangularshape.Itscolourisgenerallylighttomid-greywithanamorphousglassyandnon-crystallinestructureresultinginthematerialhavingpozzolanicpropertiesmeaningthatitwillreactwithcalciumhydroxideproducedbythereactionoflimeorcementandwatertoproduceadditionalcementitiousorbindingcompounds.Thecompositionoftheseparticlesisnotcrystallineandistermedamorphousglassnon-crystalline.Theseamorphousparticlescontributetotheyashhavingpozzolanicproperties12.Furnacebottomashcomprisesmainlyagglomeratedorfusedparticlesthataretoolargetobecarriedintheuegases.Theseparticlesinsteadfalltoanashcollectionpointatthebottomofthefurnace.Furnacebottomasheshaveasimilarchemicalcompositiontoyash.Thereareanumberofsub-classicationsorgradesforyashandfurnacebottomash.Theseare-FlyAshGradesGradedAS3582.1UngradedorRunofStationFurnaceBottomAshGradedUngradedorRunofStationThetermsGradedandUngradedaredescribedbelowGraded-amaterialthathasbeenprocessedselectedorclassiedtomeetspecicgradingandpropertyrequirementsUngraded-amaterialthathasnotbeenprocessedclassiedorselectedtomeetspecicgradingandpropertyrequirementsAshfromeachpowerstationwillhaveuniquepropertiesthataregenerallysuitableforuseasconstructionmaterialcomponents.Signicantquantitiesofmaterialareavailableforfurtherprocessingblendingandapplication.Thesematerialsareavailablefromanumberofsourcesandintheformsdescribedbelow.2.2FLYASHMATERIALAVAILABILITYUngradedyashisseparatedfromuegassesbyelectrostaticprecipitationorfabricltrationpriortotransporttoprocessingfacilitiesorashstoragesiloswhereitbecomesavailableforcollectionandtransport.Ashfromeachpowerstationwillgenerallyexhibitspeciccharacteristicsthatalsomakesitusefulasaconstructionmaterialcomponent.Flyashthatisnotimmediatelyrequiredforbenecialuseisalsoroutinelytransportedtodedicatedashstoragefacilitiesofdifferenttypeslocatedadjacenttothepowerstation.Theseinclude1.DryPlacementUngradedyashisconditionedwithwaterandconveyedbytruckorconveyorforplacement2.DensePhasePlacementUngradedyashismixedwithwatertocreateadensephasematerialspriortopumpingtoanalstoragelocationCoalredpowerstationshavetraditionallyuseddensephaseplacementsystemsduetosimplicityandlowoperatingcosts.Storedmaterialscanberecoveredforbenecialreusebutpropertiesmayneedtobere-assessedpriortouse.FlyAshReferenceDataSheetNO.320131 2GradedyashasdiscussedpreviouslyisextensivelyusedinthemanufactureofblendedcementsandasanSCMinconcrete12.AustralianStandardAS3582.1setsoutthespecicationrequirementsfornemediumandcoarsegradeasshowninTable1below.InadditiontothepropertieslistedinTable1thereareanumberofothercharacteristicsrelevanttoSCMperformanceincludingAvailablealkalicontentRelativedensityRelativewaterrequirementRelativestrength2.3FURNACEBOTTOMASHFurnacebottomashFBAiscomposedofagglomeratedashparticlescollectedatthebaseofthefurnaceorcombustionchamberofthepowerstationboiler.Furnacebottomashcanbecollectedwetordrydependingonthepowerstationcongurationandtransferredtodedicatedstoragelocations.Thismaterialisoftengreytoblackincolouralthoughsomematerialscanbewhitewithangularshapedparticlesandaporoussurfacestructure.Thegrainsizeoffurnacebottomashrangesfromnesandtonegravelgreaterthan5mmsize.TypicallytheparticlesizeforFBAistypically0.1mmto30mmalthoughmostcommonlylessthan20mminsize456.Furnacebottomashcanbecollectedandprocessedfromtheashrepository.Themethodofcollectionwilldependontheactualbenecialuse.Followingcollectiontherequiredcharacteristicsapplicabletotheproposednalbenecialusemayneedtobereconrmed.3.APPLICATIONOFCCPS3.1GENERALAspreviouslyindicatedyashismostcommonlyusedinSCMapplicationswhilefurnacebottomashismainlyusedinconstructionapplicationsasneandcourseaggregate.Duetothepropertiesandcharacteristicsofthesematerialsvariousotherapplicationsinothereldshavebeenreported7891011.Someoftheseinclude-OilwellcementforapplicationinthedrillingofoilwellswherehightemperaturesprevailDecorativeglassCeramicbresTilesSyntheticmarbleReectivematerialContinuouscastingmouldpowderDomesticcleaningpowderSyntheticwoodAluminamagnetiteironcarbonandcenospheresinmineralextractionGlassceramicsFoaminsulationproductsAnti-corrosioncoatingsSyntheticzeolitesAgricultureandsoilamendmentPotassiumsilicatefertilizerManufacturedaggregatesWhilstthelistofpotentialapplicationsforCCPsareextensivethefocusofthisdatasheetrelatesspecicallytoconstructionmaterialsasthisareaisconsideredtohavethegreatestbulkusagepotentialforsuchmaterials.CurrentlyinAustraliaotherthanascementitiousbindersinconcreteCCPshavehadlimiteduseasconstructionmaterialsin-StructuralllsaggregatesandminerehabilitationMineralllersWastestabilizationandsolidicationRoadandpavementmaterialsInthefollowingsectionsdetailedinformationrelatingtothefollowingapplicationsisdescribedastheseareaspresentthemostpotentialforsignicantbenecialuse-RoadandpavementconstructionManufacturedaggregatesFillerandgroutapplicationsandStructurallls3.2ROADANDPAVEMENTCONSTRUCTIONCCPsareusedworldwideinpavementandroadconstruction.FortheseapplicationstheADAAcanprovideinformationrelatingtopavementconstruction4androadstabilisation1213.Duetotheconsistentparticlesizerelativetootherpavementmaterialcomponentstheseproductscanbeusedinmostpavementlayers413withsomeroadsandpavementconstructionapplicationsforeachsummarisedbelow-FlyashIngredientinsoilmodicationandorstabilisationComponentinroadbasessubbasesandpavementIngredientinwastestabilisationandorsolidicationFurnacebottomashWheresettlementofthesubgradeisofconcerninembankmentsonsoftorpoorgroundconditionsAggregateinroadbasessubbasesandpavementTherearealargenumberofindustrialpavementapplicationsrequiringsubbaseandsubgradelayersusedtosupporttrafcloadswithindistributionandwarehousetypefacilities.CCPscanenhancesuchpavementlayersbymodifyingthestructureofsuchlayerblendsandalsointhecaseofyashitspozzolanicnaturecanbeusedtoincreasebearingcapacity.ImportantlyyashdoesnotnecessarilyneedtoconformtotherequirementsofAS3582.1tobeeffectiveinsuchapplications.Inthelastfewdecadesduetoincreasingtrafcloadsroadshaverequiredincreasinglevelsofrehabilitationandmaintenanceandthusincreasedcost.UsingCCPsnotonlyhelpstoreduceGradeFinenesspassing45msieveLossonignitionMaxMoisturecontentMaxSO3contentMaxFine754.01.03.0Medium655.01.03.0Coarse556.01.03.0Ref.TestMethodAS3583.13583.33583.23583.8Table1FlyAshasdenedinAS3582.1 3maintenancecoststhroughproductimprovementsbutalsoisenvironmentallybenecialastheuseofCCPscontributestotheconservationofnaturalresourceswhichwouldotherwisebeused.3.3MANUFACTUREDAGGLOMERATEDAGGREGATESCCPscanalsobeusedasmanufacturedaggregatesorincombinationwithnaturalaggregates.GenerallycoarserCCPsspecicallyfurnacebottomashareusedforthispurpose.Duetotheparticlesizeoffurnacebottomashitcanbeusedasareplacementforaggregateandisusuallysufcientlywell-gradedinsizetoavoidtheneedforblendingwithotherneaggregatestomeetgradingrequirements.Furnacebottomashparticleshaveaporoussurfacestructureandarelessdensethanconventionalnaturalaggregate.ItisgenerallybenecialtouseFBAinbasecourseandshouldermaterialblendsorincoldmixapplicationsforpavementconstruction.Furnacebottomashisalsopotentiallybenecialasalightweightconcreteaggregate.3.4FILLERSANDGROUTSINCLUDINGSTRUCTURALFILLCoalcombustionproductsareusedasllerswithinslurriedmaterialmixesandingrouts.TheseapplicationshavetraditionallyhadspeciedgradedneyashasreferencedinAS3582.1.HoweverinmanyllerandgroutapplicationsitisnotnecessarytousespeciallyselectedmaterialconformingtoAS3582.1asungradedyashdescribedearlierwouldbedirectlyapplicableandcouldpotentiallytsuchapplicationsmorecloselywithhavingthepresenceofcoarserparticlefractions.Theincorporationofyashimprovestheuidityofowablellandgrouts.Specicallytheshapeandparticlesizedistributionofyashmakesitagoodmineralllerforexampleinasphalticconcreteapplications.ThemostcommonapplicationsforCCPbasedllersarefoundinbuildingandroadconstruction.Theseinclude-FlyashComponentofowablellFillmaterialforstructuralapplicationsandembankments5MineralllerinasphaltFurnacebottomashFillmaterialforstructuralapplicationsandembankments5ConcreteaggregateAggregateformasonryunitmanufactureImprovementofsubgradeconditionswheresettlementisofconcerninembankmentconstruction4.CONCLUSIONWhilstyashisextensivelyusedincementandconcreterelatedapplicationsthisreferencedatasheetexploresmanyotherpotentialapplicationsforyashuseinroadconstructionstructuralandnon-structuralllsandasllersandingroutapplications.Furnacebottomashalsohasarangeofusesinneandcoarseaggregateapplicationswherenaturalaggregatesareused.ByutilizingCCPsinsuchapplicationstherearedualbenetsofbeingabletoprovideconstructionmaterialshavingimprovedqualityaswellashavingapositiveinuenceonsustainabilitythroughreducedCO2emissionsreduceddepletionofnaturalresourcesandreducedrequirementsfordisposalandstorageofmaterialatpowerstations.Flyashandfurnacebottomashareavailableasgradedorungradedmaterials.Materialsourcesacrossthepowerstationinclude-ClassiersPrecipitatorsAshhoppersInterimstoragebinsAshrepositorydamTheAssociationrecommendstestingbeconductedoneachmaterialsourcetoensurethatitspropertiesandcharacteristicsareclearlyknown. 4REFERENCES1.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAGuidetotheUseofFlyAshinConcreteinAustraliaFlyAshReferenceDataSheetNo.1Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.aurefdatasheets.htmAugust20094p.2.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAAustralianExperiencewithFlyAshinConcreteApplicationsandOpportunitiesFlyAshTechnicalNoteNo.8Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.autechnicalnotes.htmNovember20094p.3.StandardsAustraliaAustralianStandardAS3582.1SupplementaryCementitiousMaterialsforUseWithPortlandandBlendedCementPart1FlyAshISBN0733716881SAIGlobal1998.4.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAPavementConstructionandtheRoleofCoalCombustionProductsTechnicalNoteNo.5Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.audocumentsTechnical_Notes_5.pdf20124p.5.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAStructuralFillsandtheRoleofCoalCombustionProductsTechnicalNoteNo.6Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.audocumentsTechnical_Notes_6.pdf20124p.6.CementConcreteandAggregatesAustraliaUseofRecycledAggregatesinConstructionCCAATechnicalReportAvailablefromwww.ccaa.com.auOctober200826p.7.DemirbasA.PotentialapplicationsofRenewableEnergySourcesBiomassCombustionProblemsinBoilerPowerSystemsandCombustionRelatedEnvironmentalIssuesProgressinEnergyandCombustionScience2005.312p.171-192.ASHDEVELOPMENTASSOCIATIONOFAUSTRALIAADAAPOBox1194WollongongNSW2500AustraliaTelephone61242281389Fax61242281777Emailadaaadaa.asn.auWebwww.adaa.asn.au8.DemirbasA.PotentialApplicationsofRenewableEnergySourcesBiomassCombustionProblemsinBoilerPowerSystemsandCombustionRelatedEnvironmentalIssues.FuelandEnergyAbstracts2005.466p.387-388.9.MurarkaI.PandEricksonJUseofCoalCombustionProductsinMine-FillingApplicationsAReviewofAvailableLiteratureandCaseStudiesFinalReportReferenceDOEAwardNo99-CBRCAmericanCoalAshAssociationOct2006.10.TechnologyInformationForecastingandAssessmentCouncilTIFACHighValueAddedProductsandApplicationsofFlyashDepartmentofScienceandTechnologyGovernmentofIndiaCodeNoTMS101httpwww.tifac.org.in2009.11.NebraskaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityNDEQBenecialUseofCoalCombustionBy-ProductsSteelManufacturingBy-ProductsandOtherSimilarMaterialsNDOEEnvironmentalGuidanceDocument06-2122007.12.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAFlyAshBlendedBindersforRoadStabilisationReferenceDataSheetNo.7Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.audocumentsRef_Data_Sheet_7.pdf20052p.13.AshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliaADAAModiedandStabilisedConstructionMaterialsIncorporatingCoalCombustionProductsReferenceDataSheetNo13.14.Availablefromhttpwww.adaa.asn.audocumentsRef_Data_Sheet_13.pdf20125p. ProgressfortheCRCforLowCarbonLivingTheCRCforLowCarbonLivinghostedatwodayParticipantsandResearchersForuminSydneyon24-25October2013.Theeventtrackedprogressofcurrentresearchprojectsandprovidedanopportunityforresearchersparticipantsandotherstakeholderstogettogethertoexploreend-userneedsanddevelopideasandconceptsforthenextroundofprojects.-Seemoreathttpwww.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.auEventCRCforLowCarbonLivingParticipantandResearchersForum.htmlTheAssociationparticipatedinaseriesofworkshopsoverthecourseofthetwodays.CraigHeidrichCEOparticipatedinthepaneldiscussionandprovidedabriefpresentationduringtheBuildingssystemsandintegrationworkshopchairedbyDavidParken-TheAustralianInstituteofArchitects.CRCparticipantsandresearcherswereinformedaboutprogressoftherstyearprojectsandhighlightsfromresearchndings.Australianbuildingsemitapproximately150MTofCO2-eperannumandunderbusinessasusualthisisexpectedtogrowto275MTofCO2-eby2050.Howeverthepursuitofenergyefciencycouldlimittheseemissionstobemorelike200MTofCO2-eby2050.CraigHeidrichusingthePressureStateResponsemodel-sharedperspectivesonchallengestobeconfrontedmovingtowardsandovercomingthebarrierstolowcarbonconcretes.Alivelyquestionandanswersessionfollowedwithanumberofquestionsfromtheoor.Ultimatelythesessionprovidedagoodoverviewofyear1activitieswhichstimulatedalotofinterestfromtheaudienceandhopefullyplantedsomeseedsforthenextroundofCRCresearchprojectsinthisarea.WithinProgram1-Buildingssystemsandintegrationanumberofprojectsarecurrentlyunderreview.OneprojectaddresseslowcarbonconcretesusingalternativestotheconventionalPortlandcementandbarrierstobeovercomebeforeenteringthemainstreamofconcreteconstruction.Theprojectonlowcarbonmaterialsaimedtoidentifythebarrierstotheirwidespreadadoptioninindustry.Themainbarrieridentiedwasthelackofstandardspecicationsthatincludedthismaterial.IndeeddesignofplainreinforcedandprestressedconcreteincodesandstandardssuchasAS3600implicitlyassumethattheconcreteisbasedonPortlandcement.ThereforeithasbeendeterminedthatthepathwaytoovercomethisbarrieristodevelopaStandardTestMethodsHandbookforLowCarbonConcretemixdesignthroughStandardsAustraliatoassistengineersandend-usersinspecifyingandusinglowcarbonconcretewithgreatercondenceandlessrisk.Anotherimportantpartoftheprojectisthedevelopmentofsyntheticorarticialaggregatesmanufacturedfromcoalcombustionby-productsthatmaybeusedineitherGCorOPCconcrete.IndeedtherapiddepletionofqualitynaturalaggregatequarrysourcesclosetomostmajormetropolitanregionsofAustraliahasemphasisedtheneedtoexplorealternativeeconomicsourcestosupportincreasingvitalinfrastructuredevelopmentincludinghousingroadsbridgesschoolsandhospitals.FormoreinformationontheCRCforLowCarbonlivingpleasevisithttpwww.lowcarbonlivingcrc.com.au08ADAADECEMBER13 TitleStatusPavementConstructionandtheRoleoCoalCombustionproductsTN5PublishedStructuralFillsandtheRoleoCoalCombustionProductsTN6PublishedUseoFlyAshtoAchieveEnhancedSustainabilityinConstructionTN11PublishedCO2BeneftsUsingCCPsTN12DratingNORMSTN13DratingUseoCoalCombustionProductsasConstructionMaterialComponentsRDS3PublishedCoalCombustionProductsinRollerCompactedConcreteRDS10PublishedCCPsorSoilApplicationsHorticulturalandAgriculturalAssessmentRDS11ScopeCCPsorSoilApplicationsHorticulturalandAgriculturalApplicationsRDS12ScopeModifedandStabilisedCoalCombustionProductsRDS13PublishedADAATechnicalDocumentsTheNationalTechnicalCommitteehascontinuedtopushforwardontheupdateoftechnicalliteratureproducedbytheAssociationinthepastyears.Ofthe9documentsidentiedforreviewanumberhavebeenpublishedwithassistanceandtechnicalguidancefromADAAmembers.OurmemberbaseiscrucialtothereviewofthesedocumentsinprovidingacurrentindustryleadingperspectiveonpresentandfutureapplicationsofCCPs.AnumberoftechnicaldocumentshaverecentlybeenpublishedanduploadedtotheADAAwebsite.TheseincludethemostrecentlypublishedReferenceDataSheet3UseofCoalCombustionProductsasConstructionMaterialComponentswhichisaninsertinthisedition.In2014theAssociationplanstopublishseveralnewTechnicalNotesincludingTechnicalNote12CO2BenetsofUsingCCPsandTechnicalNote13NORMSinAustralianCCPs.Bothofthesepublicationsfocusonemergingareasofinterestintheindustryincludingthesignicantcontributionthatcoalcombustionproductshavemadetothereductionofcarbonemissionsintheotherwisecarbon-intensiveconstructionmaterialsproductionprocess.TheAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustraliawouldliketothankourmembersfortheircontributiontothecollaborativedraftanddesignonthesedocuments.Theireffortsensurethesuccessofsuchpublicationsandthattheinformationpublishedistimelyandrelevanttothecurrentindustryposition.UPDATEADAADECEMBER1309 10ADAADECEMBER13AustralianSocietyofConcretePavementsAlexandersMulchandSoilSuppliesislocatedatMandalongontheNSWCentralCoastandhasbeenownedbyRayPersinifor7years.ThisbusinessisspecialisedtocaterforahandfulofwholesalemarketsmainlyontheCentralCoastandNorthofSydneysupplyingvarioussoiltypesmainlytoretaillandscapingcompanies.Thisbusinessisalsorelevantinthatitusesfurnacebottomashfromlocalsuppliersinanumberofproducts.ThefurnacebottomashFBAtypeandapplicationofeachmaterialisdescribedbelowIntermsoftheFBAsuppliersEraringprovidesboththe7mmand9mmaggregate.The7mmaggregateisauniqueproductasitisonlyobtainedthroughwetscreening.Additionallythe9mmaggregateismuchcheaperincomparisontonaturalsubstancesandpotentiallyperformsbetterduetoitslighterweight.HowardsRecyclingsuppliesFBAfromValespointintheformof9mmminusashandissoontosupplythe7mmaggregateaswell.ThisbusinessdemonstratesyetanotherbenecialuseofCCPmaterialsinanunexpectedapplicationarea.OnMonday12August2013theADAAattendedtheASCP2013ConcretePavementsConferenceattheAustralianNationalMaritimeMuseumDarlingHarbourSydney.ThisonedaytechnicaleventaimedtoprovidetheindustrywithcurrentandrelevantinformationaboutconcretepavementdesignconstructionmaterialsandequipmentfromwithinAustraliaandinternationally.AdditionallytheMuseumlocationprovidedaninterestingvenuewithaccesstoalargenumberofmaritimehistoricalartefacts.With10presentationscoupledwithanumberofdiscussionsessionsthisConferenceoffereddelegatestailoredinformationonspecictopicsandtheopportunitytodiscussconceptsandideaswithpresentersandcolleaguesalike.TheAssociationencouragesmemberstoattendsucheventsastheyaffordavaluabletechnicalandprofessionalnetworkingopportunityinindustry-relatedelds.WelookforwardtothenextASCPconferencein2015.FormoreinformationontheASCPpleasevisithttpwww.concretepavements.com.auFBATypeSupplierApplicationBenefcialProperties7mmaggregateEraringEnergyPottingmixadditiveAllowsorairandwaterfltrationRaisespHslightlyAlternativetosandpebblesbecauseitislighter9mmminusashHowardsRecyclingValesPointOthersoilproductseg.soilconditionerPreventssoilrombindingtogetherMakessoillighterincreasesvolumeRaisespHslightlyAlternativetosandpebblesbecauseitislighterAlexandersMulchandSoilSuppliesCONFERENCEREPORTBUSINESSOVERVIEW CraigHeidrichonbehalfoftheADAAattendedthe5thbiennialWorldofCoalAshWOCAinAprilthisyearatLexingtonKentucky.ThiseventwasorganisedbytheAmericanCoalAshAssociationACAAandtheUniversityofKentuckysCenterforAppliedEnergyResearchCAERandfocusedonthesustainabilityofcoalashanditsapplicationsworldwidefromascienticperspective.Craigpresentedtwopapersandaco-authoredkeynoteaddresswhichfocusedontheAustralianlegislativeenvironmentincomparisontothatseenintheUSdemonstratingtheinternationalforumprovided.Organiserssoughttoimproveonpreviousnumbersfrom2011andincludedanumberofCCBCCPrelatedtopicsbeingUtilisationofcoalashanduegasdesulfurizationmaterialsSustainableprojectsusingCCPsEmergingtechnologiesGeneralashmanagementincludingdisposalMercuryrelatedtopicsRecentresearchandspeciccasestudiesInternationalactivitiesRegulatorytopicsfromlocalStateandFederalperspectivesWOCA2013providedanexcellentopportunityfortheADAAtocontinueworkingwithothercountriestoincorporateCCPutilisationintonewfacetsofindustry.Formoreinformationpleasevisithttpwww.worldofcoalash.orgCoalAshAsia2013washeldon5th-7thSeptember2013inShuozhouCityShanxiProvinceChina.CraigHeidrichattendedonbehalfoftheADAAandpresentedtheKeynoteAddress.ThecentralthemeofthisconferencewasthescienceandbusinessofcoalashutilizationandwasorganizedbytheChineseInstituteforTechnicalinformationfortheBuildingMaterialsIndustryChina.ThiseventwashostedbytheMunicipalGovernmentofShuozhouinconjunctionwiththeAsianCoalAshAssociationACAA.TheAsianCoalAshAssociationanditsmembersconductandcontributeresearchonmarketandtechnicaldevelopmentsinthecoalcombustionby-productsindustry.In2010theAssociationlaunchedaprogramthatreecteditseducationobjectivesbycollectingandpublishingindustryinformationformembersthemediaandthegeneralpublicinordertoincreasetheunderstandingofcoalashutilisationtechnologiesandbenets.Updatedreportsareexpectedtobemadeavailableinthersthalfof2014.KeyeventsfromCoalAshAsia2013includedTheintroductionofanew3millionsquaremetercoalashutilizationindustrialparkinShuozhouCityThelaunchofaUS30millioncoalashinvestmentfundTheestablishmentoftheAsianCoalAshResearchandDevelopmentCentreTherewasatrulyinternationalpresencewith528participantsfrom258enterprisesuniversityandresearchinstitutes.Theparticipationofinternationalcompaniesandresearcherswasespeciallystrongwithmorethan20internationaldelegatesrepresentingmorethan10differentcountries.Thisdemonstratedtherecognisedvaluablenetworkingandknowledgetransferopportunitiesmadeavailable.FormoreinformationontheAsianCoalAshAssociationpleasevisithttpwww.asiancoalash.orgConferenceReportCoalAshAsia2013CONFERENCEREPORTWorldofCoalAshWOCACONFERENCEREPORTADAADECEMBER1311 TheConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMIC2014isonagainandisscheduledforWednesday3rduntilSaturday6thSeptember2014attheBrisbaneConventionandExhibitionCentre.ThethemeforthisconferenceisonewhichisfoundationaltothecurrentmarketclimatebeingBuildingProductivityandispresentedbytheInstituteofQuarryingAustraliaIQAinconjunctionwiththeCementConcreteAggregatesAustraliaCCAA.ExpressionsofInterestforattendanceandpapersubmissionsarenowopenhoweverimportantkeydatesareDecember2013CallforAbstractsopenApril-June2014EarlyBirdRegistrationMay2014SpeakersnotiedofAbstractStatusTheAssociationwillbebemanningastandintheExhibitionHallandweencourageourmemberstoattendtotakepartinthisvaluablenetworkingopportunity.WewillseektobringyoufurtherupdatesinthenexteditionofCoalAshMattersinApril2014.Formoreinformationvisithttpwww.iceaustralia.comcmic14index.php.UnLpgRZE6gwViewsexpressedinCoalAshMattersnewsletterdonotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionoftheAshDevelopmentAssociationofAustralia.Allcontributionsarewelcomedthoughthepublisherreservestherighttodeclineoreditforstylegrammarlengthandlegalreasons.2005-13.SUBSCRIBETOwww.adaa.asn.auCOALASHmatters12ADAADECEMBER13TheConcreteInstituteofAustraliasBiennialNationalConferenceConcrete2013washeldattheGoldCoastConventionandExhibitionCentreGoldCoastQueenslandfrom16to18October2013.Conferencehighlightsincluded5keynotespeakers75sessions15awardposters480registrantsnetworkinglisteningandlearningfromthebestintheeld44exhibitingcompanies11sponsorsThebroadthemeoftheconferencewasUnderstandingConcretecoveringmaterialsresearchdesignconstructionandinnovation.Theconferenceprovidedaforumforthesharingofideasandexperiencethroughformalpresentationsindustrydisplaysandinformalcontactbetweendelegates.Itwastheconcreteindustryspre-eminenttechnicalandsocialeventintheSouthernHemispherefor2013.ThetechnicalprogramwasofvaluetopractisingcivilandstructuralengineersengineeringacademicsconcreteproductmanufacturerscivilandbuildingcontractorsdevelopersGovernmentDepartmentscoveringtransportroadsrailwaysandpublicworksandlocalGovernmentshiresandcouncils.Oneofthemainthemesthatarosefromthisconferencewasthegrowingpopularityofyashmaterialsandtheiruseingeopolymers.ThisproductwasrepresentedinanumberofsessionsincludingStructuresResearchandApplications5SessionsConcreteMaterialsandPerformance3SessionsandGeopolymerConcrete3Sessions.ThisindicatesyetanotherinnovativeeldforthecontinuedbenecialutilisationofcoalcombustionproductsCCPs.TheAssociationreceivedapositiveresponsefromConferencedelegatesandfellowexhibitors.Therewereanumberofenquiriesrangingfrommembershipinterestobtainingsamplesforresearchprogramstogeneralinterestinouraimsandactivities.TheseeventsareimportanttotheeducationandtechnicalfoundationsoftheAssociationbecauseitbringsmemberstogetherwithotherindustrystakeholderstoencourageknowledgetransfer.TheAssociationwouldalsoliketothankRoyButcherandJoannePortellafromEngineeredMaterialSolutionsfortheirtechnicalassistanceonthestandthroughouttheconference.Concrete2015willbeheldfrom30Augustuntil2September2015atthePullmanAlbertParkMelbourne.Formoreinformationvisithttpconcrete2015.com.auConcrete2013ConstructionMaterialsIndustryConferenceCMIC2014CONFERENCEREPORTCOMINGUP